Modul Pelatihan FATHER untuk Meningkatkan Keterlibatan Ayah dalam Pengasuhan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v9i6.7437

Keywords:

keterlibatan ayah, anak berkebutuhan khusus, parenting stress, modul pelatihan

Abstract

Keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) masih tergolong rendah dan cenderung bersifat instrumental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul pelatihan berbasis literatur yang dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan ABK melalui penurunan tingkat parenting stress. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur sistematis terhadap artikel-artikel empiris dan teoritis yang relevan. Hasil pengembangan menghasilkan modul FATHER yang terdiri dari enam sesi tematik, yanki: Familiarize Daily Routine, Action Practice, Together Engagement, Handling Challenge, Empathy Communication dan Reflection and Support. Modul ini dirancang untuk memperkuat pengetahuan, keterampilan dan ketahanan emosional ayah. Modul FATHER merupakan inovasi khusus bagi ayah dengan anak berkebutuhan khusus. Berdasarkan hasil sintesis, modul ini memiliki potensi dalam menurunkan tingkat parenting stress dan meningkatkan kualitas hubungan ayah dan anak. Modul ini disarankan untuk diuji secara empiris untuk mengukur efektivitasnya dalam konteks nyata.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Rahmi Lubis, Psikologi, Universitas Medan Area, Medan

Prodi Psikologi, Universitas Medan Area

Salamiah Sari Dewi, Psikologi, Universitas Medan Area, Medan

Prodi Psikologi, Universitas Medan Area

References

Abidin, R. R., Smith, L. T., & Kim, H. (2022). Parenting Stress. WikiJournal of Medicine, 9(1), 0–2. https://doi.org/10.15347/wjm/2022.003

Afek, O. (2019). Reflections on Kohut’s Theory of Self Psychology and Pathological Narcissism-Limitations and Concerns. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 36(2), 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1037/pap0000201

Al-Saadi, M. (2024). Parenting Stress in Parents Raising Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Concept Analysis. OALib, 11(08), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1111771

Alkhateeb, J. M., Hadidi, M. S., & Mounzer, W. (2022). The Impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder on Parents in Arab Countries: A Systematic Literature Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(July), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.955442

Aloia, L. S., & Warren, R. (2019). Quality Parent–Child Relationships: The Role of Parenting Style and Online Relational Maintenance Behaviors. Communication Reports, 32(2), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/08934215.2019.1582682

Andayani, B. & K. (2004). Psikologi keluarga; Peran ayah menuju coparenting. Citra Media.

Anggryni, M., Mardiah, W., Hermayanti, Y., Rakhmawati, W., Ramdhanie, G. G., & Mediani, H. S. (2021). Faktor Pemberian Nutrisi Masa Golden Age dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Negara Berkembang. Jurnal Obsesi?: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), 1764–1776. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.967

Arun, P., & Kaur, M. (2020). Impact of parenting skill module on parents of children with behavioural and emotional problems: A preliminary study. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 16(3), 57–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973134220200304

Asfari, H. (2022). Peran yang Terlupakan: Pengasuhan Ayah pada Keluarga dengan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Indonesia. Psyche 165 Journal, 9623, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v15i1.140

Brooks, J. B. (2013). The Procces of Parenting (Vol. 3).

Brown, J., & Errington, L. (2024). Bowen family systems theory and practice: Illustration and critique revisited. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 45(2), 135–155. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1589

Bujuri, D. A. (2018). Analisis Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Dasar dan Implikasinya dalam Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar. LITERASI (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan), 9(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.21927/literasi.2018.9(1).37-50

Chaidi, I., & Drigas, A. (2020). Parents’ involvement in the education of their children with autism: Related research and its results. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15(14), 194–203. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i14.12509

Chen, W., Zhang, D., Liu, J., Pan, Y., & Sang, B. (2019). Parental attachment and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: The mediation effect of emotion regulation. Australian Journal of Psychology, 71(3), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12239

Davidsson, M., Oldmark, M., Hagberg, B., Gillberg, C., & Billstedt, E. (2025). Parenting Stress and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: the Associations of Parental Factors and Child Psychosocial Functioning. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 883–894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-025-03042-x

Deater-Deckard, K. (2014). Parenting Stress. In Parenting Stress. https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300103939.001.0001

Dewi, T. A., & Widyasari, C. (2022). Keterlibatan Orang Tua dalam Mengembangkan Karakter Kemandirian Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi?: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(6), 5691–5701. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i6.3121

Fauziah, N., Suryanto, S., & Indrawati, E. S. (2024). Not Too Involved but Really Care: Father’s Acceptance Who Have Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 13(1), 242. https://doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v13i1.26843

Fido, D., & Richardson, M. (2019). Empathy mediates the relationship between nature connectedness and both callous and uncaring traits. Ecopsychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2018.0071

Gül, S. O., & Vuran, S. (2015). Children with special needs’ opinions and problems about inclusive practices. Egitim ve Bilim, 40(180), 169–195. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2015.4205

Hanifah, D. S., Haer, A. B., Widuri, S., & Santoso, M. B. (2022). Tantangan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (Abk) Dalam Menjalani Pendidikan Inklusi Di Tingkat Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (JPPM), 2(3), 473. https://doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v2i3.37833

Hannon, M. D., Blanchard, R., & Storlie, C. A. (2019). Microaggression Experiences of Fathers With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Family Journal, 27(2), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480719832512

Hernawati, N., Rizkillah, R., & Herawati, T. (2020). Differences in Father and Mother Involvement and the Factors that Influence It on Early Childhood Education. The Southeast Asian Journal of Early Childhood Care Education and Parenting, 1(1), 17–31. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348482138

Jagan, V., & Sathiyaseelan, A. (2020). ‘ It has taken me into a whole new life and world , a turning point ’: Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.25215/0802.127

Jardenil, S. T. P., & Madrigal, D. V. (2022). Paternal Resilience in Time of Pandemic: A Phenomenological Inquiry on the Experiences of Fathers of Children with Autism. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 10(1), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2210.01.02

Johnson, N. L., & Simpson, P. M. (2013). Lack of father involvement in research on children with autism spectrum disorder: Maternal parenting stress and family functioning. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 34(4), 220–228. https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2012.745177

Khaironi, M. (2017). Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Golden Age, 1(02), 82. https://doi.org/10.29408/goldenage.v1i02.546

Khairun Nisa, Mambela, S., & Badiah, L. I. (2018). Karakteristik Dan Kebutuhan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus. Jurnal Abadimas Adi Buana, 2(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.36456/abadimas.v2.i1.a1632

Khoirunnisa, K., Aquino, A., Parestorian, P. H., & Kurniawan, K. (2023). Strategi Coping Stres Orang Tua yang Memiliki Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus: A Scoping Review. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 11(1), 110–120. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/JKJ/article/view/11002

Knowles, M. S., Holton, E. F., & Swanson, R. A. (1981). Adults as Learners: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development. In Journal of Higher Education (6th ed., Vol. 54). Elsevier.

Lawson, M., Chae, Y., Noriega, I., & Valentino, K. (2021). Parent–child attachment security is associated with preschoolers’ memory accuracy for emotional life events through sensitive parental reminiscing. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 209, 105168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105168

Lestari, & Pratisti. (2019). Gratitude and Optimism in Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders (Asd). South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 20(6), 9–16. http://harnas.co/2018/04/01/tren-penderita-autisme-meningkat

Lubis Lince Kristina; Adawiyah, Zain; Hutagalung, Fonny Dameaty, R. T. (2024). Family Function and Academic Achievement: The Mediating Role of Noble Character. Psympathic?: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, Vol 11, No 2 (2024): PSYMPATHIC, 149–160. https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/psy/article/view/33887/12196

Lubis, R., Hinduan, Z. R., Jatnika, R., & Agustiani, H. (2021). Addressing the indirect effects family function towards sexual intention on high school student. Communications in Mathematical Biology and Neuroscience, 2021, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.28919/cmbn/5764

Mangunsong, F. (2014). Psikologi dan Pendidikan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus, Jilid 1 (2nd ed.). Lembaga Pengambangan Sarana Pengukuran dan Pendidikan Psikologi (LPSP3).

Marsack-Topolewski, C. N. (2023). Fathers of Adult Children with Autism: Examination of Caregiver Burden, Social Support, and Quality of Life. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(11), 3515–3525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02673-2

Maulana, M. A., Yunita, B., & Syarifudin, A. (2023). The Effect of Secondary Care Intensity and Parental-Stress Toward Children Social-Emotional Development. ???TAZKIYA Journal of Psychology, 11(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.15408/tazkiya.v11i1.26144

Mavroeidi, N., Sifnaios, C., Ntinou, A., Iatrou, G., Konstantakopoulou, O., Merino Martínez, M., Nucifora, M., Tanrikulu, I., & Vadolas, A. (2024). Exploring the Potential Impact of Training on Short-Term Quality of Life and Stress of Parents of Children with Autism: The Integrative Parents’ Autism Training Module. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040474

May, C. D., St George, J. M., & Lane, S. (2022). Fathers Raising Children on the Autism Spectrum: Lower Stress and Higher Self-Efficacy Following SMS (Text2dads) Intervention. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(1), 306–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04925-w

Mcbride, B., Schoppe, S., & Rane, T. (2004). Child Characteristics, Parenting Stress, and Parental Involvement: Fathers Versus Mothers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 998–1011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00998.x

McMunn, A., Martin, P., Kelly, Y., & Sacker, A. (2017). Fathers’ Involvement: Correlates and Consequences for Child Socioemotional Behavior in the United Kingdom. Journal of Family Issues, 38(8), 1109–1131. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15622415

Meltzoff, A. N. (2011). Social Cognition and the Origins of Imitation, Empathy, and Theory of Mind. In U. Goswami (Ed.), Childhood Cognition Development (2nd ed., pp. 49–75). Wiley-Blackwell.

Mil, S., Nurillah, D., & Latifah, N. (2025). Kesejahteraan Anak ( Child Well-being ): Kontribusi Keluarga , Lingkungan dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. 11(1), 1–11.

Morgan, H. (2019). HOWARD GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES THEORY AND HIS IDEAS ON PROMOTING CREATIVITY. In U.S Department of Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30600-7_12

Mulya, T. W., & Nanik, N. (2025). Fathers ’ expectations and autism?: A critical discourse analysis of paternal narratives. 10(1), 191–203.

Murphy, T. P., Laible, D., & Augustine, M. (2017). The Influences of Parent and Peer Attachment on Bullying. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(5), 1388–1397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0663-2

Nazilatul Mifroh. (2020). Teori Perkembangan Kognitif Jean Piaget dan Implementasinya Dalam Pembelajaran di SD/MI. Jurnal Pendidikan Tematik, 1(3), 253–263. https://siducat.org/index.php/jpt/article/view/144

Novitasari, Y. (2018). Analisis Permasalahan "Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini”. PAUD Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2(01), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.31849/paudlectura.v2i01.2007

Opoku, M., Mohamed, A., Almarzooqi, S., & Cheikhmous, A. (2025). The Extent and Predictors of Fathers’ Involvement in the Raising of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the UAE. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020300

Piaget, J. (2009). Intellectual Evolution From Adolescence to Adulthood. In Human Development (Vol. 3, Issue 1). Karger. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000271225

Pleck, J. H. (2010). Paternal involvement: Revised conceptualization and theoretical linkages with child outcomes. In The Role of the Father in Child Development: Vol. Fifth Edit (Issue Editor Michael E. Lamb, pp. 58–93).

Pleck, J. H. (2012). Integrating Father Involvement in Parenting Research. Parenting, 12(2–3), 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2012.683365

Pottas, A., & Pedro, A. (2016). Experiences of father carers of children with autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory study. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 26(6), 551–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2016.1250426

Potter, C. (2016). ‘It’s the most important thing – I mean, the schooling’: father involvement in the education of children with autism. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 31(4), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2016.1194573

Potter, C. A. (2017a). Father involvement in the care, play, and education of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 42(4), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2016.1245851

Potter, C. A. (2017b). “I received a leaflet and that is all”: Father experiences of a diagnosis of autism. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 45(2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/bld.12179

Rea, C. J., Lesch, K., Hernandez, B., Hayes, M., Sprecher, E., Epee-Bounya, A., Wilson, K., & Shah, S. N. (2024). “I’m His Voice”: Parent Perspectives on Obtaining an Autism Diagnosis and Services and the Influence of Personal and Cultural Factors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06556-3

Rusli, N. A. (2025). Parental Involvement in Applied Behaviour Analysis ( ABA ) Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder ( ASD ) Children?: A Focus on Logistical , Emotional , Social-Relational , and Systematic Challenges. 4(June), 1–11.

Scheibner, C., Scheibner, M., Hornemann, F., Arélin, M., Hennig, Y. D., Kiep, H., Wurst, U., Merkenschlager, A., & Gburek-Augustat, J. (2024). Parenting stress in families of children with disabilities: Impact of type of disability and assessment of attending paediatricians. Child: Care, Health and Development, 50(1), e13193. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.13193

Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2022). Social and emotional learning. International Encyclopedia of Education: Fourth Edition, June, 92–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.14010-2

Schwartzman, J. M., Millan, M. E., Uljarevic, M., & Gengoux, G. W. (2022). Resilience Intervention for Parents of Children with Autism: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial of the AMOR Method. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(2), 738–757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04977-y

Sembiring, A. A. R. B., Hardjo, S., & Lubis, R. (2024). Role Emotion Intelligence Towards Work-Life Balance with Support Family as Mediator Variables. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 6(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.51214/00202406840000

Shurr, J., Alexandra, M., Mona, H., Daniel, Ö., Nehal, G., & and Reed, B. (2023). Parent perspectives on inclusive education for students with intellectual disability: A scoping review of the literature. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 69(5), 633–643. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2021.2003612

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif (2nd ed.). Alfabeta.

Suharsiwi. (2017). Pendidikan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus.

Thompson, S. S. and V. L. S. (2002). Factors Associated With Perceived Paternal Involvement in Childrearing. Sex Roles A Journal Of Research, 103(3), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.1023/A

Tukan, B. L. (2024). Keterlibatan Ayah dalam Pengasuhan terhadap Perkembangan Anak Disabilitas Usia Sekolah Dasar Studi: Photovoice. Jurnal Locus Penelitian Dan Pengabdian, 3(6), 502–514. https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v3i6.2742

Uribe-Morales, B. M., Cantero-Garlito, P. A., & Cipriano-Crespo, C. (2022). Fathers in the Care of Children with Disabilities: An Exploratory Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Switzerland), 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010014

Vilaseca, R., Rivero, M., Leiva, D., & Ferrer, F. (2023). Mothers’ and Fathers’ Parenting and Other Family Context Variables Linked to Developmental Outcomes in Young Children With Intellectual Disability: A Two-wave Longitudinal Study. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 35(3), 387–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-022-09856-7

Voith, L. A., Yoon, S., Topitzes, J., & Brondino, M. J. (2020). A Feasibility Study of a School-Based Social Emotional Learning Program: Informing Program Development and Evaluation. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 37(3), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-019-00634-7

Wai Chau, W. M., & Furness, P. J. (2023). Happiness in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Study. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 7(1), 168–190. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/12950

Waroka, L. A., Nashori, F., & Rahmatullah, A. S. (2024). Keterlibatan Ayah Muslim dalam Pengasuhan Anak Usia Dini. INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(4), 2488–2499.

Wijayanti, R. M., & Fauziah, P. Y. (2020). Keterlibatan Ayah Dalam Pengasuhan Anak. JIV-Jurnal Ilmiah Visi, 15(2), 95–106. https://doi.org/10.21009/jiv.1502.1

Wu, S., Liu, F., Duan, X., & Mei, X. (2025). Parenting stress and positive mental health among parents of children with special needs: A moderated serial mediation model. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 162, 105022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2025.105022

Yasir, M., Studi, P., Ilmu, P., Sosial, P., & Mangkurat, U. L. (2022). Peran Pentingnya Pendidikan Dalam Perubahan Sosial di Masyarakat. 122–132.

Yusuf, A., Dayna, L., Carolina, K., & Mary, S. (2022). A Module?Based Telepractice Intervention for Parents of Children.pdf. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05549-4

Zvara, B., Schoppe-Sullivan, S., & Kamp Dush, C. (2013). Fathers’ Involvement in Child Health Care: Associations with Prenatal Involvement, Parents’ Beliefs, and Maternal Gatekeeping. Family Relations, 62, 649–661. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12023

Downloads

Published

15-10-2025

How to Cite

Fauza, F., Lubis, R., & Dewi, S. S. (2025). Modul Pelatihan FATHER untuk Meningkatkan Keterlibatan Ayah dalam Pengasuhan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 9(6), 2432–2446. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v9i6.7437

Issue

Section

Articles