- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the works authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journals published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Assessing Teachers’ Social Emotional Competence: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v9i1.6792Keywords:
Social-Emotional Competence, Systematic Review, Measurement, Prosocial Classroom ModelAbstract
A review of the literature on the assessment of teachers' social-emotional competence (SEC) was conducted to ascertain its role in enhancing education quality and student outcomes. A total of 2,905 records were screened according to the PRISMA guidelines, and 15 studies that utilized instruments such as SECTRS, EduSEL-R, TSELCS-22, ESELC, and SASEIC Questionnaire within the Prosocial Classroom Model framework were included in the review. The results indicate that these tools effectively assess SEC dimensions, particularly in fostering positive teacher-student relationships, classroom management, and SEL program implementation. However, significant challenges remain, including cultural bias, reliance on self-reports, and limited validation across diverse contexts. Practical implications suggest that these assessments can guide professional development, enhance teacher well-being, and improve classroom environments, ultimately supporting students' academic and emotional growth. Future research should focus on developing culturally responsive, validated instruments that reduce administrative burden while capturing the multifaceted nature of SEC in real-world educational settings.
Downloads
References
Aldrup, K., Carstensen, B., Köller, M. M., & Klusmann, U. (2020). Measuring Teachers’ Social-Emotional Competence: Development and Validation of a Situational Judgment Test. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00892
Anisa, L., Suganda, L. A., & Jaya, H. P. (2019). Indonesian English Teachers’ Social-Emotional Competence and Students’ English Learning Motivation. IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 4(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v4i1.320
Bailey, R., Raisch, N., Temko, S., Titus, B., Bautista, J., Eniola, T. O., & Jones, S. M. (2021). Innovations in social and emotional learning research and practice: building from evidence and applying behavioral insights to the design of a social and emotional learning intervention in northeast Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147397
Banas, J. R., Valley, J. A., & Chaudhri, A. (2021). A Biblioguidance Approach to Understanding and Developing Adolescents’ Social-Emotional Competence in the Health Education Classroom: A Formative Research Study. Health Education, 121(5), 486–503. https://doi.org/10.1108/he-01-2021-0008
Björklund, K., Liski, A., Samposalo, H., Lindblom, J., Hella, J., Huhtinen, H., Ojala, T., Alasuvanto, P., Koskinen, H.-L., Kiviruusu, O., Solantaus, T., & Santalahti, P. (2014). “Together at school†- A school-based intervention program to promote socio-emotional skills and mental health in children: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1042
Bolarinwa, O. A. (2015). Principles and Methods of Validity and Reliability Testing of Questionnaires Used in Social and Health Science Researches. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 22(4), 195. https://doi.org/10.4103/1117-1936.173959
Brust Nemet, M., & Velki, T. (2016). The Social, Emotional and Educational Competences of Teachers as Predictors of Various Aspects of the School Culture / Socijalne, emocionalne i pedagoÅ¡ke kompetencije nastavnika kao prediktori razliÄitih aspekata kulture Å¡kole. Croatian Journal of Education - Hrvatski ÄŒasopis Za Odgoj i Obrazovanje, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v18i4.2006
Cheon, S. H., Reeve, J., & Marsh, H. W. (2023). Autonomy-Supportive Teaching Enhances Prosocial and Reduces Antisocial Behavior via Classroom Climate and Psychological Needs: A Multilevel Randomized Control Intervention. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 45(1), 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0337
Ciucci, E., Facci, C., Carpenzano, D., Sanesi, M., Taddei, M. G., Tomberli, L., Tambasco, G., & Baroncelli, A. (2024). Promoting Teachers’ Social and Emotional Competence in Light of the Close Connection between Professional Role and Personal Characteristics: Preliminary Evidence of the Efficacy of the “ME4YOU†Training Program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040511
Collie, R. J. (2017). Teachers’ social and emotional competence: Links with social and emotional learning and positive workplace outcomes. In Social and Emotional Learning in Australia and the Asia-Pacific: Perspectives, Programs and Approaches. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3394-0_9
DÃez González, M. del C., Marcos-Sánchez, R., Zaragoza-Benzal, A., & Ferrández, D. (2024). Social–Emotional Management to Promote Quality in Education: A Training Program for Teachers. Education Sciences, 14(3), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14030228
Eisel, H., Sinclair, T. E., & Gentile, M. G. (2024). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Teachers and Students: A Prosocial Approach to Classroom Management and Social and Emotional Learning. In Applied Behavior Analysis in Schools: Realistic Implementation of Evidence-Based Interventions by Teachers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003522584-14
Ergas, O., & Hadar, L. L. (2019). Mindfulness in and as education: A map of a developing academic discourse from 2002 to 2017. Review of Education, 7(3), 757–797. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3169
Ferreira, R. B., Fecury, A. A., Oliveira, E. de, Dendasck, C. V., & Dias, C. A. G. de M. (2022). Socio-emotional skills in publications in education in the last five years: a brief review. Revista CientÃfica Multidisciplinar Núcleo Do Conhecimento, 131–145. https://doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/education/socio-emotional
Gest, S. D., Madill, R. A., Zadzora, K. M., Miller, A. M., & Rodkin, P. C. (2014). Teacher Management of Elementary Classroom Social Dynamics: Associations With Changes in Student Adjustment. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 22(2), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426613512677
Grazzani, I., Martinsone, B., Simoes, C., Cavioni, V., Conte, E., Ornaghi, V., & Pepe, A. (2024). Assessing teachers’ social and emotional competence: The validation of SECTRS in Italy, Latvia, and Portugal. International Journal of Emotional Education, 16(1), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.56300/QIAN8168
Hachem, M., Gorgun, G., Chu, M.-W., & Bulut, O. (2022). Social and Emotional Variables as Predictors of Students’ Perceived Cognitive Competence and Academic Performance. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 37(4), 362–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/08295735221118474
Humphries, M. L., Williams, B. V, & May, T. (2018). Early Childhood Teachers’ Perspectives on Social-Emotional Competence and Learning in Urban Classrooms. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 34(2), 157–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377903.2018.1425790
Jennings, P. A., Brown, J. L., Frank, J., Doyle, S. L., Oh, Y., Davis, R., Rasheed, D., DeWeese, A., DeMauro, A. A., Cham, H., & Greenberg, M. T. (2017). Impacts of the CARE for Teachers Program on Teachers’ Social and Emotional Competence and Classroom Interactions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(7), 1010–1028. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000187
Jennings, P. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). The prosocial classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 79(1), 491–525. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308325693
Jennings, P. A., Hofkens, T. L., Braun, S. S., Nicholas-Hoff, P. Y., Min, H. H., & Cameron, K. (2021). Teachers as prosocial leaders promoting social and emotional learning. In Advances in Motivation and Achievement (Vol. 21). https://doi.org/10.1108/S0749-742320210000021006
Jones, S. M., McGarrah, M. W., & Kahn, J. (2019). Social and Emotional Learning: A Principled Science of Human Development in Context. Educational Psychologist, 54(3), 129–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2019.1625776
Jukes, M. C. H., Mgonda, N. L., Tibenda, J. J., Gabrieli, P., Jeremiah, G., Betts, K. L., Williams, J., & Bub, K. L. (2021). Building an assessment of community-defined social-emotional competencies from the ground up in Tanzania. Child Development, 92(6), e1095–e1109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13673
Kasperski, R., & Hemi, M. E. (2024). EduSEL-R–the refined educators’ social-emotional learning questionnaire: expanded scope and improved validity. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2024.2391341
Kaur, J., & Sharma, A. (2024). Measuring early childhood educators’ knowledge of social-emotional learning pre and post training. Current Psychology, 43(12), 10942–10970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05176-x
Lozano-Peña, G., Sáez-Delgado, F., López-Angulo, Y., & Mella-Norambuena, J. (2021). Teachers’ social–emotional competence: history, concept, models, instruments, and recommendations for educational quality. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 13, Issue 21). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112142
Martinez-Yarza, N., Santibáñez, R., & Solabarrieta, J. (2023). A Systematic Review of Instruments Measuring Social and Emotional Skills in School-Aged Children and Adolescents. In Child Indicators Research (Vol. 16, Issue 4, pp. 1475–1502). Springer Science and Business Media B.V. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-023-10031-3
Miller, F. G., Cohen, D., Chafouleas, S. M., Riley-Tillman, T. C., Welsh, M. E., & Fabiano, G. A. (2015). A comparison of measures to screen for social, emotional, and behavioral risk. School Psychology Quarterly, 30(2), 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000085
Ogunyemi, D., Mehta, S., Turner, A., Kim, D., & Alexander, C. (2014). Emotional intelligence characteristics in a cohort of faculty, residents, and medical students. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 59(5–6), 279–284. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24937970
Oh, J., & Song, J. (2021). The Effects on Students’ Psychological Needs and Social-Emotional Competence of Relatedness Support From a Teacher and Peers in Physical Education Class. Journal of Advanced Researches and Reports, 1(2), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.21742/jarr.2021.1.2.08
Ornaghi, V., Conte, E., Cavioni, V., Farina, E., & Pepe, A. (2023). The role of teachers’ socio-emotional competence in reducing burnout through increased work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1295365
Philip, R., & Tabor, M. (2023). Social and Emotional Competencies: Vital Attribute for Teacher Aspirants. https://doi.org/10.7176/jep/14-14-06
Rodriguez, V., Lynneth Solis, S., Mascio, B., Kiely Gouley, K., Jennings, P. A., & Brotman, L. M. (2020). With Awareness Comes Competency: The Five Awarenesses of Teaching as a Framework for Understanding Teacher Social-Emotional Competency and Well-being. Early Education and Development, 31(7), 940–972. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1794496
Roig Jornet, P., & Kalenderian, E. (2018). The effectiveness of an initial continuing education course in leadership for dentists. European Journal of Dental Education, 22(2), 128–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12281
Smith, J. (2009). Emotional intelligence and professional education: The use of narrative journaling. International Journal of Learning, 16(7), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v16i07/46458
Tom, K. M. (2012). Measurement of Teachers’ Social-Emotional Competence: Development of the Social-Emotional Competence Teacher Rating Scale [University of Oregon]. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/9d9b6c60-fd08-4b4a-86a4-3de5ac55e981/content
Tran, T. Y., Nguyen, T. M. H., & Huynh, A. T. (2024). Exploring the Social and Emotional Aspects of Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language. Vnu Journal of Foreign Studies, 40(1), 166–187. https://doi.org/10.63023/2525-2445/jfs.ulis.5185
Valente, S., & Lourenço, A. A. (2020). Teacher emotional intelligence questionnaire: adaptation and validation of the “Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire.†Revista de Estudios e Investigación En PsicologÃa y Educación, 7(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2020.7.1.5480
Van Der Merwe, P. (2012). A school-based socio-emotional programme as strategy against crime and violence. Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe, 52(4), 646–659.
Walsh, B., & Money, J. (2018). About you as a mentor. In Mentoring Physical Education Teachers in the Secondary School: a practical guide. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315163444-4
Warren, C. A., Presberry, C., & Louis, L. (2020). Examining Teacher Dispositions for Evidence of (Transformative) Social and Emotional Competencies With Black Boys: The Case of Three Urban High School Teachers. Urban Education, 57(2), 251–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085920933326
Widmer, I., Maier Diatara, L., & Hövel, D. C. (2023). Movement-based promotion of prosocial behavior at school entry: An effectiveness evaluation of the prevention program BESK | Bewegungsbasierte Förderung prosozialen Verhaltens beim Schuleintritt: Eine Wirksamkeitsprüfung des Präventionsprogramms BESK. Pravention Und Gesundheitsforderung, 18(3), 385–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11553-022-00962-0
Wilson, S. C., & Carryer, J. (2008). Emotional competence and nursing education: a New Zealand study. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand Inc, 24(1), 36–47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18557369
Xu, Y., Wang, I. Y., Chen, J., Sun, J., & Li, J.-B. (2024). The associations between early childhood educators’ social-emotional competence and a wide range of outcomes: A three-level meta-analysis. Learning and Individual Differences, 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102521
Yan, E. M., Evans, I. M., & Harvey, S. T. (2011). Observing emotional interactions between teachers and students in elementary school classrooms. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 25(1), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2011.533115
Yang, C. (2021). Online Teaching Self-Efficacy, Social–Emotional Learning (SEL) Competencies, and Compassion Fatigue Among Educators During the COVID-19 Pandemic. School Psychology Review, 50(4), 505–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/2372966X.2021.1903815
Yang, C., Lim, J. H., Lin, X., Rho, E., & Dong, Q. (2024). An Initial Validation of Transformative Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) Competencies Scale Among Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) Teachers. School Psychology Review, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/2372966x.2024.2355670
Ye, X., Ahmad, N. A., Burhanuddin, N. A. N., Na, M., & Li, D. (2024). Preschool Teachers’ Emotional Competence and Teacher Self-Efficacy towards Preschool Performance in Zhejiang Province of China. Behavioral Sciences, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14040280
Yoder, N. (2014). Self-Assessing Social and Emotional Instruction and Competencies: A Tool for Teachers. he Center on Great Teachers and Leaders. www.air.org
Zulkifli, H., Ismail, A. M., Muhamad, N. A. F., Hussin, N. H., & Yusuf, S. A. M. (2024). Reliability and Validity of the Fuzzy Delphi Instrument of Islamic Cognitive Domains Running Head: Reliability and Validity of Islamic Cognitive Domains. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v13-i2/21201
Zych, I., Ruiz, R. O., Muñoz-Morales, R., & Llorent, V. J. (2018). Dimensions and Psychometric Properties of the Social and Emotional Competencies Questionnaire (SEC-Q) in Youth and Adolescents. Revista Latinoamericana De PsicologÃa, 50(2). https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2018.v50.n2.3